Analysis of the Capsule and Ligament Insertions About the Acromioclavicular Joint

Indications for distal clavicle excision include chronic painful instability, post-traumatic arthritis, chronic symptomatic osteolysis, and chronic idiopathic osteoarthritis.  In addition, patients with instability of the distal clavicle often also need ligament reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments with or without supplementation.  Open distal clavicle excision was simultaneously described by Mumford and Gurd in 1941. 

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